Metoidioplasty vs. Phalloplasty

Metoidioplasty vs. Phalloplasty Relationships LGBTQ Print How Metoidioplasty Gender Affirming Surgery Works The Difference Between a Metoidioplasty and a Phalloplasty By Elizabeth Boskey, PhD facebook twitter linkedin Elizabeth Boskey, PhD, MPH, CHES, is a social worker, adjunct lecturer, and expert writer in the field of sexually transmitted diseases. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Boskey, PhD Updated on December 11, 2018 Oleksandra Korobova / Moment / Getty Images More in Relationships LGBTQ Spouses & Partners Violence and Abuse There are several types of gender affirming surgeries that are available to transgender men who want to undergo genital surgery, sometimes also known as bottom surgery. The 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey found that approximately 50 percent of men wanted or had undergone such surgery. Approximately half of those men were interested in a phalloplasty, the surgical creation of a penis using tissue from elsewhere on the body. The other half were interested in a metoidioplasty. How Metoidioplasty Works Metoidioplasty is the creation of a phallus (penis) from the hormonally-enlarged clitoris. The clitoris naturally enlarges when a man begins to take testosterone. A minimum of a year on testosterone is a requirement for all transmasculine genital surgeries. During a metoidioplasty, the clitoral ligaments are detached, which allows the clitoris to lengthen and drop into a position more similar to a natal phallus. On average, the created phallus is between 5 and 7 cm long, which may or not be sufficient to penetrate a partner sexually. (Depending on the man, this is not always a concern.)   A plastic surgeon then sculpts  the head of the clitoris to more closely resemble the glans penis. At the same time, the labia can be reshaped into a scrotum, with or without testicular prostheses. Metoidioplasty can be done either with or without urethral lengthening procedures. Urethral lengthening extends the urethra along the new phallus. Then, men are able to pee from their phallus. Being able to stand to pee is a major reason that men choose to undergo genital surgery. However, urethral lengthening does increase the risk of surgical complications. These complications are usually minor and can include dribbling or spraying during urination. They may also include urinary blockages or fistula. Metoidioplasty is usually considered to be a single-stage surgery. However, some men may require additional surgeries in order to achieve their desired results. Additional  surgeries may address either appearance or function. Metoidioplasty vs. Phalloplasty There are advantages and disadvantages to both metoidioplasty and phalloplasty. Therefore, its important for men to discuss their interests and priorities with their surgeon during the early consultation phase. Most men who choose metoidioplasty are quite happy with the outcome of their surgery. However, depending on surgical goals, as well as body composition and structure, it is not always the best choice. Some advantages of metoidioplasty over phalloplasty include: Shorter healing timeMore affordable surgeryLower complication rates, even with urethroplastyNo large scars that may be considered disfiguring or stigmatizing. (The scars left by the most common phalloplasty technique are both large and very recognizable to anyone who knows what to look for. For some men, that is not an issue. For others, it may be extremely uncomfortable.)The phallus created by metoidioplasty has natural erectile function, and there is no need for a penile prosthesis.Erotic sensitivity of the clitoris is maintained in the phallus. Some advantages of phalloplasty over metoidioplasty include: Patients are more likely to be able to sexually penetrate their partners if this is something of interest to them.The phallus is significantly larger than the one created through metoidioplasty.Some men feel that this surgery creates more natural looking genitalia. Choosing Phalloplasty After Metoidioplasty For men who initially choose metoidioplasty, it is possible to later undergo a phalloplasty. This is true regardless of whether the man chooses to have a urethral lengthening at the time of the procedure.   The reverse is not true. The procedure for embedding the clitoris in the penis during phalloplasty makes a later metoidioplasty impossible. Associated Abdominal and Genital Surgeries Transgender men seeking bottom surgery may also choose to undergo one or more associated surgeries.  Men who do not have any interest in carrying a pregnancy may choose to have a hysterectomy and ovariectomy. These procedures are abdominal surgeries used to remove the uterus and ovaries. For men who might want to have their own biological children but would find pregnancy dysphoric, gamete banking is an option. This needs to be done prior to ovariectomy and hysterectomy. Ideally, it should also be done before starting testosterone therapy, but that is not a requirement. Hysterectomy and ovariectomy are also options for individuals who do not want a phalloplasty or metoidioplasty but also do not want to worry about the possibility of cervical, uterine, or ovarian cancers later in life. Removing the uterus, cervix, and ovaries also removes the need for screening. Such screening can be very dysphoric for transgender men. Vaginectomy is the surgical removal of the vagina. Some surgeons who offer phalloplasty and/or metoidioplasty will offer this surgery as part of a single-stage reconstruction. Others prefer patients to have a vaginectomy in advance if that is something the patient wants. Of note,  some surgeons who perform transmasculine bottom surgeries do not offer vaginectomies and advise against them because of concerns about complications. The research literature is unclear about the risks of vaginectomies in transgender men. The outcome of such procedures is likely very closely related to the skills and experience of the surgeon. Outside the context of gender-affirming surgery, this procedure is primarily used to treat certain types of gynecologic cancer. As such, some plastic surgeons may refer patients interested in vaginectomy to a surgical gynecologist. What additional surgeries men choose  are a matter of both individual preference and the choice of surgeon.  For example, a surgeon who uses the vaginal lining to create the urethra in a phalloplasty will probably need the patient to undergo a vaginectomy either prior to or at the time of that surgery. On the other hand, a transgender man who wants to maintain the option to carry a pregnancy would not want to undergo any of these additional procedures. A Word From Verywell Decisions about whether or not to undergo gender-affirming surgeries are a personal choice. That includes both whether you want surgery and which procedures may be right for you. It can be helpful to discuss your goals and concerns for surgery with someone who is knowledgeable about the risks and benefits of the various options. This could include not just the surgeon but your therapist, and/or friends who have gone through a similar decision-making process. However, remember that different people have different motivations. The choices that make sense for a close friend may be different from the ones that make sense for you. In addition, the procedures offered by a particular surgeon may not be the ones you want. If that is the case, consider seeking out other options. They may not be the best doctor for you. Its never a bad idea to consider a second opinion, although getting one is not always a practical option. There are many areas of the country with no surgeons, or only one surgeon, performing these procedures.  Some of the big-name surgeons do offer phone or Skype consultations but be aware that you may have to pay out of pocket. The cost may not be reimbursable, and you may need to demonstrate your surgical eligibility  before they will discuss your case. Eligibility guidelines for genital surgeries generally include documentation of gender dysphoria, a minimum of 12 months on hormone therapy, and at least a year of living full time in the gender role you wish to surgically affirm. This is usually provided in the form of a letter from your hormone prescriber and one or two letters from behavioral health professionals.

Research Paper Sample For High School Students

Research Paper Sample For High School StudentsA research paper sample for high school students can be invaluable to the writer. A good sample allows a student to have a working idea of what the material will be like. Students can then choose the parts they feel are useful. Here are five tips on how to find a good example.The first thing to consider is the student's interest. If the student wants to write for research, they are likely interested in certain topics. They can start with a sample that involves something they are interested in. Some common topics to look for include: different types of experiments, researches, and investigation. The use of scientific terminology and scientific devices will help the student to have a solid understanding of what it is they will be writing about.Another consideration when looking for a research paper sample for high school students is how well the examples are written. Students should see that they use a specific sentence structure and that t hey are well organized. Students should also see that there are no spelling or grammar mistakes.The student should also consider the student's own writing style. They should understand that they will not write perfectly and need help. A sample can show the student how to use all of the tools necessary to become a better writer. They should also see that they use their experience to guide them to their desired style.Students should also be able to find the information they need to write the paper. Many sources on the Internet provide resources that can be used for samples. By seeing examples of how other students have used the information, the student will be able to choose the best source for the writing. This can save them time and frustration when they need to contact a specific teacher for specific information.Lastly, the student should see that the paper is well organized. They should see that all information is clearly listed and that all the information is easily accessible. M any resources offer free or low cost examples that can be used to help a student develop their own.There are many different sources that a student can use to find a great research paper sample for high school students. Some of the more popular sources include: classroom worksheets, research papers, and workbooks. There are many resources available to students to help them prepare for their examinations. All it takes is a little help from an example and the student can easily turn in a successful research paper.Most students find that they are ready to take the steps to write an examination with only a little help from their writing samples. Students can even use examples from different periods of time for different exams. The information they will get from the sample is a great asset to their education.

Writing Task 1 Essay Samples - Information That Is Useful For Students

<h1>Writing Task 1 Essay Samples - Information That Is Useful For Students</h1><p>The first thing you should know is that composing task is tied in with making articles without any preparation and not replicating a previously existing article. As referenced, research is required first, which you ought to perform before making your article. You can do explore from among the referenced assets accessible on the web, however they may be obsolete now and again. In the event that you need proficient assistance, you may get it from a composing partner.</p><p></p><p>Just like some other errand, composing task 1 article tests will expect you to apply research. Don't simply duplicate a previously existing article. On the off chance that you duplicate an exposition you didn't keep in touch with yourself, you won't have the option to guarantee its achievement. In this way, start your errand from scratch.</p><p></p><p>You ought not anticipate that any assignment should come out following an hour's work, however you ought to be set up for one. On the off chance that you don't do investigate, you won't have the option to compose a paper. Compose for a specific measure of time, don't expect that you can go for ten minutes or something like that, and you will compose, do you truly need to do it that way?</p><p></p><p>If you need more an ideal opportunity for composing task 1 exposition tests, you may pick another undertaking to do during your extra time. Examination will surely give you thoughts, and you will have the option to interface with them.</p><p></p><p>Do not disregard the significance of exploration in your task. In the event that you don't investigate first, you won't have the option to create quality exposition tests that can assist you with winning rewards.</p><p></p><p>The next thing you should know is that you can't depend on o ne technique for composing task 1 paper tests. A few understudies guarantee that they can carry out all responsibility without anyone else, yet it is highly unlikely to guarantee that. On the off chance that you don't do explore first, you can't guarantee the achievement of composing. Something else you should know is that a few people will perform preferred recorded as a hard copy task over others. On the off chance that you don't discover a work on which you can give enough exertion, you won't have the option to flaunt an article that will get you an authority recognition.</p>

Research Paper Topics For The PhD Candidate

<h1>Research Paper Topics For The PhD Candidate</h1><p>As a PhD understudy in the Social Sciences, Emily Dickinson gives some extraordinary research paper points for your exposition. These points, while just normal to graduate understudies, are totally important recorded as a hard copy your exposition, which will be the perfection of all that you have learned all through your doctoral investigations. Here are the absolute most regular Emily Dickinson paper subjects that you ought to be acquainted with while setting up your dissertation.</p><p></p><p>The city of Philadelphia is situated in the territory of Pennsylvania, and the city of Philadelphia is itself the name of an extremely well known sonnet composed by Emily Dickinson. The sonnet comprises of eleven refrains, and the sonnet starts as a short record of her direct encounters in Philadelphia. It is likewise where she played out her first open presentation. On the off chance that you nee d to compose a paper on the verse of Philadelphia, at that point the sonnet 'The Nightingale' ought to be your first choice.</p><p></p><p>Dickinson was conceived in 1806, and was an inhabitant of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the point when she was thirteen years of age, her family moved to New York City. She returned to Pennsylvania in the mid year of 1841, and afterward went to Washington College in Pennsylvania. She didn't finish her school profession and rather sought after her verse. After a spell of study at Dickinson College in London, England, she came back to America.</p><p></p><p>In Pennsylvania, Dickinson got associated with political promotion and in the long run filled in as an agent to the Constitutional Convention. At twenty-three, she was chosen President of Dickinson College. Her life was written in verse, which is the reason it is an incredible subject for a paper. Truth be told, it is a subject that has been concentra ted since the eighteenth century.</p><p></p><p>This is the reason Dickinson is an extraordinary theme for inquire about paper points in the sociologies. Not exclusively is her life a one of a kind stand-out yet additionally, her verse is a one of a kind scholarly sort that can fill in as the reason for a thesis. Actually, a portion of her sonnets have been converted into more than fifty dialects. This takes into account the exposition author to compose a paper on the particular verse of Philadelphia.</p><p></p><p>One of the simplest paper points for a PhD possibility to explore, and has nothing to do with verse, are Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Dracula. In these two magnum opuses, there is a lot of hybrid between the universe of writing and the universe of sci-fi. Emily Dickinson composed of a forlorn night in Philadelphia, and in the wake of perusing both Frankenstein and Dracula, one can absolutely comprehend the sentimental snare s among man and mammoth. In any case, this doesn't imply that you can't compose a paper on the sci-fi subjects in both of these showstoppers. You can compose a paper on what sci-fi was about, the impact of writing on the science, and how writing shapes the world around us.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to these paper points, numerous different writers have abandoned an incredible assemblage of writing that can be utilized to compose a thesis. For instance, Charles Dickens is a writer who has affected numerous ages of journalists. This is the reason he is an extraordinary point for the exposition essayist. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you need to truly investigate the abstract universe of Charles Dickens, at that point the writing of Sir Walter Scott is essential.</p><p></p><p>This is the reason inquire about paper subjects, for example, these can be such a brilliant method to plan for the doctoral test. It permits the alumni u nderstudy to make an exposition that is close to home and enlightening in nature, while as yet giving the foundation information expected to an appropriate dissertation.</p>